ATF3 and coronary artery disorder: Fosb and Jun have specific roles in mediating cellular and arterial contractility (Licht et al, 2010), Atf3 is a CAD GWAS gene and has recently been identified to have vascular protective effect in atherosclerosis (Wang et al, 2021), and Klf4 has critical roles in mediating SMC phenotypic modulation and promotes atherosclerosis (Yoshida et al, 2008).