Among various organs accumulating autoimmune damage, inflammatory genes (Tnf, Cxcl10, Mx2 and Ifng) were most prominently elevated in the kidneys of Pld4−/− mice compared with in the wild-type and Pld4+/− mice, consistent with the nephritis manifestation in patients (Extended Data Fig. 7f). Here, PLD4 is linked to nephritis.