Pld4 homozygous KO (Pld4−/−) mice exhibited autoimmune phenotypes, such as slower body weight gain, significantly elevated levels of anti-double-stranded-DNA (dsDNA) antibodies, anti-dsRNA antibodies and IgG in the plasma and splenomegaly compared with in the wild-type and heterozygous KO (Pld4+/−) mice (Fig. 4a,b and Extended Data Fig. 7a,b). Here, PLD4 is linked to Splenomegaly.