In another randomized clinical trial conducted on 33 patients who underwent colon resection for colon cancer, patients were administered a 7-day oral preoperative dose of the probiotic fungus Saccharomyces boulardii. Postoperative mRNA analysis of tumor tissues revealed lower levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-23) in mucosal tumor samples in the probiotic group than in the control group (232, 257). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is neoplasm.