Reovirus, preferentially infects cells with activated Ras signaling through the junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) while vaccine-strain measles virus (MV-Edm) infect tumors overexpressing CD46, like GBM, lymphomas, and certain carcinomas, impairing the tumor-initiating capacity of their CSCs and enhancing their sensitivity to chemotherapy (105). Here, F11R is linked to carcinoma.