23 neonates born preterm, 6 with confirmed EOS, 9 with confirmed LOS, 2 with confirmed EOS and LOS, and 6 neonates without sepsis.EOS defined as a positive peripheral smear culture, suggestive symptoms (temperature instability, cardiovascular symptoms, neurological symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms or clinical suspicion), and/or increased plasma C-reactive protein or IL-6 levels, diagnosed within the first 72 h of life. LOS defined as a positive blood culture or suggestive clinical symptoms, diagnosed after the first 72 h of life. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and Sepsis.