ALB and chronic kidney disease: We selected 28 significant variables from Table 1 for VIF analysis to address potential multicollinearity among variables, including age, sex, race, marital status, PIR, education level, hypertension, smoking status, alcohol, DM, height, WC, CKD, CVD, ALT, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, WBC, Mo, Se, Eo, Ba, cancer, platelets, cotinine (cotinine ng.ml), and BRI.