Obesity promotes COPD progression through various mechanisms, including inducing adipocytes to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), thereby increasing systemic inflammation, which exacerbates airway remodeling and lung function deterioration (6, 14). Here, IL6 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.