showed that compared with the PBS-treated group, the transcription level of inflammation-related genes (MYD88, NF-κB, ICAM, PTPN2, and TLR3), chemokines and inflammatory cytokines (CXCL11, TNFα, CCL2, IL-6, and CXCL8), as well as migration- and invasion-related genes, were down-regulated in rheumatoid arthritis -fibroblast-like synoviocytes treated with propionate (25). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and rheumatoid arthritis.