In addition, aging, presence offrailty, chronic kidney disease (CKD), atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter(AFL) and elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) wereidentified as significant 5-year all-cause mortality risk factors in patientswith CVD, whereas higher BMI, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), andhemoglobin (HB) served as protective factors. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and chronic kidney disease.