This experiment suggests that SMS effectively improves NAFLD lesions by inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing MDA activity, and increasing the levels of SOD and GSH-Px (Figures 4A–C), Inflammation factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD (Mirea et al., 2018; Vachliotis and Polyzos, 2023). Here, TNF is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.