Recent studies have shown that combining IST with androgens, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), erythropoietin (EPO), or IL-11 can reduce early mortality, infection risk, and bone marrow suppression in patients with SAA, offering a treatment option for those with impaired organ function (Shao et al., 1998; Tichelli et al., 2011). The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is infection.