Compared with normal controls, tumor samples had fewer fibroblasts, endothelial cells, neutrophils, AT2 cells, and monocytes but more NE, Treg, Th2 and Th1 cells (Supplementary Fig. 7c), which have been previously shown to be enriched49 but functionally inhibited in NSCLCs.50 Compared with normal lung tissues, tumor tissues presented elevated SPP1, IL36RN, CXCL13, CXCL14, MIF, LTB4R, and other cytokines/chemokines (Supplementary Fig. 7d). This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and neoplasm.