To address this, we monitored the expression of Diptericin A (a readout of the Imd pathway) in wild-type (w1118) and Paillotin -deficient flies (PaiΔ41 and PaiΔ370) at 6- and 12-hours post-infection with Ecc15 and Drosomycin (a readout of the Toll pathway) at 8- and 24-hours post-infection with M. luteus (Figure 4a, b). Here, TLR4 is linked to infection.