Then, a combined DL-SERS classification strategy was developed to identify healthy controls and various categories or subtypes of AL, encompassing AML or ALL, subtypes of AML and ALL, the subtypes of B-ALL with genetic abnormalities or breakpoint cluster region/abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog1 (BCR/ABL) relevant gene (e.g., Ph+ with p190 or p210, and Ph-like), and AL with CNS involvements. Here, CNTNAP1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.