ATG12 and exfoliation syndrome: In this prospective–controlled study, anterior capsulorhexis materials obtained during cataract surgery were immunohistochemically compared between eyes with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome using Image Tool Software for possible changes in autophagy, in terms of expression levels of Beclin 1, ATG5, ATG6, ATG12, p62, and LC3A/B autophagy markers.