STAT3 and inflammatory bowel disease: For example, S-palmitoylation cycling of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) targets it to activated cytokine receptors for phosphorylation-dependent activation and ultimate nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity necessary for T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (51) and S-palmitoylation cycling of oncogenic mutant N-Ras is required for its ability to promote myeloid cell transformation and leukemia (52, 54, 55).