Cluster 5 was defined by the expression of genes like Tox, Cxcr5, and Pdcd1, consistent with T follicular helper-like cells, which are typically localized in colonic patches or isolated lymphoid follicles and regulate IgA production during Salmonella infection (Martinoli et al., 2007; Vazquez-Torres et al., 1999). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and Salmonella Infections.