NPPB and heart failure: LOS: Length of stay; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; RHD: Rheumatic Heart Disease; NR: Not reported; AUC: Area under curve; BMI: Body Mass Index; NYHA: New York Heart Association; LMR: Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio; CHF: Chronic Heart Failure; ROC: Receiver operating characteristics; HFrEF: Heart Failure with Ejection Fraction; NS: Not Significant; OPTIMIZE-HF: Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure; COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; BP: Blood Pressure; MLR: Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio; HF: Heart Failure.