INS and diabetes mellitus: Insulin regulates the conversion of starch, sugar, and other foods into glucose, and its proper functioning is crucial for maintaining optimal blood glucose levels.1 Diabetes has been on the rise since 2000, and it is now a global public health concern, ranking eighth as the leading cause of death.2 The International Diabetes Federation’s 2021 report reveals alarming statistics: approximately 24 million Africans aged 20-79 live with diabetes, and the disease claims nearly half a million lives annually.