This alteration has significant implications for the pathogenesis and evolution of MDS, since the exacerbated activation of these immune pathways can contribute to a favorable microenvironment for tumor proliferation, especially in favor of the proliferation of myeloid clones through the activation of NF‐kB, thus contributing to the ineffective hematopoiesis commonly observed in MDS. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.