NFKB1 and myelodysplastic syndrome: This alteration has significant implications for the pathogenesis and evolution of MDS, since the exacerbated activation of these immune pathways can contribute to a favorable microenvironment for tumor proliferation, especially in favor of the proliferation of myeloid clones through the activation of NF‐kB, thus contributing to the ineffective hematopoiesis commonly observed in MDS.