TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Genetic polymorphisms in ETS2 can have profound effects on its transcriptional activity, protein stability, and interaction with other signaling molecules.[53] Variants leading to increased ETS2 expression may enhance inflammatory signaling by upregulating cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, which are central to IBD pathophysiology.[9] This overactivation can result in excessive immune cell recruitment, chronic inflammation, and tissue damage within the intestinal mucosa.