ETS2 and stricture: The dysregulation of ETS2 in these pathways contributes to fibroblast proliferation and the excessive deposition of collagen, exacerbating intestinal fibrosis.[58] Moreover, ETS2 influences macrophage polarization, particularly promoting M2 macrophages, which are known to release profibrotic cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-13.[59] This process perpetuates the cycle of inflammation and fibrosis, leading to progressive intestinal strictures that often require surgical intervention in patients with Crohn disease.[60]