TF and infection: The development of molecular techniques, namely the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on conjunctival swabs, to detect bacterial DNA and therefore confirm infection, has shown that TF is a poor predictor for the presence of ocular C. trachomatis infection [6,7], especially post-MDA [8], with several populations demonstrated to have moderate to high TF prevalence and limited to no C. trachomatis infection [9,10].