IL1B and infection: Treatment of THP-1/PMA cells at 48 h post-infection with RPV resulted in dramatically increased IL-1β secretion and cell death in cells infected with WT but not ΔPR virus, consistent with the previous reports demonstrating CARD8 cleavage and inflammasome activation following NNRTI-induced Gag-pol dimerization and HIV-1 PR activation [91,92].