CCL5 and respiratory tract infectious disorder: However, they displayed gene signatures previously reported during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection including, downregulation of MHC genes (HLA-C, HLA-B, and HLA-DPB1) and CCL5 (a cytokine associated with immune recruitment during respiratory infection) [6], upregulation of immunomodulatory genes regulating inflammation and cell stress (SFTPA1, EGR1), and elevated expression of genes associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions and increased oxidative stress responses (i.e., LARS2).