We quantified HCV infection by NS5A staining at a variety of timepoints thereafter, examining the frequency of infection in both RTP4-expressing and non-expressing bystander cells within each sample (Fig 3B); cells were not passaged during this time period The frequency of HCV NS5A+ cells steadily decreased over the course of 9 days following mmRTP4 transduction, with no effect in hsRTP4-transduced or vehicle-transduced cells (Fig 3C). Here, RTP4 is linked to infection.