TNF and vitiligo: The potential mechanism of imiquimod-induced vitiligo involves interaction with Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) present on skin cells, which stimulates the production of various cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, IL-8, and IL-12 [31].