According to meta-analyses, the highest incidence of vitiligo was observed in patients receiving ICIs combination therapy (CTLA-4 combined with PD-1/PD-L1 agents, 10.1%), followed by PD-1 monotherapy (approximately 7.9%), ICIs + chemotherapy (3.7%), CTLA-4 monotherapy (3.2%), and PD-L1 monotherapy (0.54%) (P < 0.001) [40]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to vitiligo.