TSLP and congenital rubella syndrome: Lastly, NECs from patients with CRS stimulated with viral or bacterial antigens exhibited increased production of TSLP and IL-6; conditioned media from the stimulated NECs enhanced activation of DCs and CD (cluster of differentiation) 4+ T cells and increased antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG production, at least in part through TSLP and IL-6 signaling [68].