The ICIs family comprises cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, which enhance T-cell activation to exert anti-tumor effects, significantly improving treatment outcomes and survival rates in cancer patients (6). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.