Results showed that all VIF values were below the threshold of 10, with specific values as follows: AFP (VIF = 3.21), CD147 (VIF = 2.89), IL-6 (VIF = 3.57), capsule integrity (VIF = 1.82), tumor size (VIF = 2.11), and CAR (VIF = 2.98). Here, AFP is linked to neoplasm.