Although the initially prevailing view is that insulin resistance causes increased plasma glucose levels, which promote increased demand for pancreatic β cells to produce and secrete more insulin, a growing awareness exists that, at least for a subset of patients, long‐term heavy intake of high‐carbohydrate and high‐fat foods causes islet β‐cell hyperresponsiveness, which contributes to some other disorders associated with metabolic syndrome, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [170]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.