Studies by Renert-Yuval et al. (2021) and Kibalina et al. (2022) have shown that CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are significantly upregulated and co-expressed with IFN-γ in the lesional skin of adult AD patients, further substantiating their role in the Th1-dominant inflammatory axis. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL11 and Alzheimer disease.