BDNF and major depressive disorder: Curcumin supplementation has been shown to restore brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels while regulating monoaminergic neurotransmission and mitigating multiple pathological processes including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, β-amyloid aggregation, tau pathology, and aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in both Alzheimer’s disease and depression models (Alam et al., 2024).