CKD is characterized by the presence of kidney damage markers (frequently assessed as an albumin-to-creatine ratio (ACR) greater than 30 mg/g) (Levey and Inker, 2022) or decreased kidney function (a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min per 1·73 m2) for at least 3 months (Webster et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene ALB and chronic kidney disease.