TNF and psoriasis: The pathogenic mechanisms about the Th17 axis have previously been reported together in psoriasis and systemic LE; here, apremilast blocks the production of INF-γ, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α, thus suppressing the Th1/Th17-mediated immune responses and exerting anti-inflammatory activity (Ichiyama et al., 2019).