TIMM8A and melanoma: For instance, TIMM8A promotes immune evasion in breast and endometrial cancers by upregulating PD-L1 expression and recruiting immunosuppressive cells such as Tregs and M2 macrophages [16,17]; TIMM13 similarly correlates with CD8+ T cell exhaustion and elevated immune checkpoint molecules like PD-1 in melanoma [19], while it primarily exhibits mitochondrial anti-apoptotic functions in osteosarcoma [18].