Many cellular signals that contribute to PSC activation, as shown in Table 1, lead to tumor progression in PC, for example, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) upregulates the hepatoma-derived growth factor gene under hypoxia, inhibiting PSC apoptosis and promoting the synthesis and deposition of ECM proteins [29]. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is neoplasm.