utilized multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry to identify distinct CAF subsets in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), demonstrating that specific subsets (CAF7 and CAF13, defined by markers like PDGFRA, PDGFRB, FAP, and αSMA) had opposing associations with tumor histology, driver mutations, immune features, and patient prognosis (46). This evidence concerns the gene FAP and neoplasm.