ISLR2 and hand, foot and mouth disease: This revealed a distinct transcriptional signature characterized by the upregulation of genes such as TICAM2, CCR7, ISLR2, and TENM4, which are potentially involved in viral RNA recognition, neuroimmune communication, and axonal development, and the roles and mechanisms of TICAM2, CCR7, ISLR2, and TENM4 in EV-A71 infection or HFMD have not been reported.