Future studies should prioritize: (i) Validating this mechanism in human SLE CD4+ T cells, (ii) Identifying specific bioactive components within JPZS responsible for DNMT1 inhibition (e.g., Rehmannia-derived catalpol), and (iii) Exploring combinatorial therapies with conventional immunosuppressants to enhance clinical efficacy. Here, DNMT1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.