The laboratory criteria were as follows: (1) Elevated CRP (>10 mg/L) or ESR (>15 mm/h); (2) anemia (hemoglobin < 12.5 g/dL (male individuals), <11.5 g/dL (female individuals)); (3) thrombocytopenia (platelet < 150 k/μL) or thrombocytosis (platelet count > 400 k/μL); (4) hypoalbuminemia (albumin < 3.5 g/dL); (5) renal dysfunction (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2); and (6) polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia (total gamma globulin or immunoglobulin G > 1700 mg/dL). Here, CRP is linked to anemia (phenotype).