PIK3CA and Venous malformation: Similarly, lentiviral-mediated overexpression of hotspot mutations such as TIE2 p. L914F or PIK3CA p. H1047R in ECs has been demonstrated to reproduce the pathological features of venous malformations (VM) in mouse models (Jauhiainen et al., 2023; Li et al., 2019; Boscolo et al., 2015).