Liposomes, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), polymeric nanoparticles, and exosome-based drug carriers have shown potential in tumor-targeted delivery of glycolysis inhibitors (Lactate Dehydrogenase A or LDHA, PDK1) (Wang et al., 2020), glutaminolysis inhibitors (Glutaminase or GLS) (Wang Q. et al., 2024), macropinocytosis inhibitors, and IDO1 blockade agents (Jiang et al., 2024). This evidence concerns the gene PDK1 and neoplasm.