The results showed that exercise intervention could effectively increase serum IGF-1 concentrations in older adult individuals with frailty (SMD = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.07–0.98, p = 0.02) and those with sarcopenia (SMD = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.19–0.61, p = 0.0002). This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and sarcopenia.