The innovations and advantages of this study are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, by precisely focusing on the research gaps in the field, it is the first to target the high-risk population of older adult patients with frailty and/or sarcopenia, and specifically explore the intervention effect of exercise intervention on their serum IGF-1 concentration, which helps to address the lack of population specificity in existing meta-analyses. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and sarcopenia.