The top 45 significantly differentially expressed genes and gene ontology revealed spermatogenesis as a highly ranked biological process enrichment with dazl, insl6, spem1, and spata24 upregulated in the testes of mice treated with 4-HIL and downregulated in the testes of mice with obesity (Supplementary Figure S3A; Figures 4B, C). Here, SPEM1 is linked to Obesity.