These findings demonstrate that in the macrophage inflammatory responses mediated by ESAT-6, high glucose, or combined stimulation, the expression of NOD2, TRAF6, and cytokines positively correlates with CYP1B1 levels, indicating CYP1B1 as a crucial regulator in TB-T2DM inflammation by modulating inflammatory factors and NOD2/TRAF6 expression. Here, NOD2 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.