Long known for their role in lipid digestion and therapeutic potential in gallstones, it was not until the early 2000s that these cholesterol-derived steroids were identified as ligands for various nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X (FXR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), pregnate x receptor (PXR), and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) [111]. Here, VDR is linked to gallstones.