TNF and diabetic kidney disease: The results of IHC staining showed that the staining of inflammatory factors such as COX2, Cxcl15, TNF-α, NF-кB, and p-NF-кB in the kidney tissues of the DKD model group was mostly dark brown, whereas those of the control group were mostly negative or light yellow, indicating that the expression of inflammatory factors in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group.