CCL3 and bipolar disorder: 2022). In addition, a postmortem study of cortex tissue found that increased MIP‐1α expression in glia cells of patients with manic depressive illness (Ishizuka et al. 1997). One explanation for this divergence could be the heterogeneity and complexity of BD, including different phases and sample size variations. Finally, other studies found that IL‐17 can induce MIP‐1a expression in a mouse model (Y. Zhang et al. 2016).