TNF and inflammatory response: The hypertrophic adipocytes, indeed, undergo hypoxia and fibrosis with a concomitant increase in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) which, in addition to acting locally by amplifying inflammation on the adipose tissue itself, are released into circulation, eliciting a low‐grade chronic inflammation (LGCI).