AKT1 and acute kidney injury: Cisplatin can trigger Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation, leading to the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt [166], or interact with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathways [121] to promote autophagy in renal tubular epithelial cells, thereby safeguarding them against cisplatin-induced AKI.