These include the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), which reduces ischemia-induced myocardial apoptosis through the increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, as well as secreted factors angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which have been shown to increase vascular density and blood flow in the ischemic heart (80). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and benign neoplasm.